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Typing Sentences
There are many different
types of sentences.
Every sentence contains a basic
statement.
Bells rang.
Love is blind.
The dog chased Daryl.
Andrea gave her mother flowers.
The teacher considered him a good student.
The group of words in the statement contain a subject and predicate.
The subject names the "do-er" or "be-er" of the sentence; the predicate does the rest of the work. The statement might use an implied predicate. ("Listen!" . . . implying, "You listen.") A simple predicate consists of only a verb, verb string, or compound verb:
The bells rang.
The bells have been ringing.
The bells rang, and chimed and filled the air.
Sentence Pattern Types:
PERIODIC &
CUMULATIVE
- The Periodic Sentence -- additional details are placed before the basic statement:
"Andrea, the tough one, the sullen kid who scoffed at any show of sentiment, gave her mother flowers." - The Cumulative (or Loose) Sentence -- basic statement with a string of details added to it:
"Bells rang, filling the air with joy and bringing people into the streets to hear the news."
Also note --
The Periodic Interruptive -- additional details are added inside the basic statement:
"Love, as everyone knows except those who happen to be afflicted with it, is blind."
The Combination Sentence -- additional details are added before and after the basic statement:
Function Types:
- Declarative (most of the sentences we use)
- Imperative ("Don't write about that!")
- Interrogative (questions --"Why are those bells ringing?")
- Exclamatory ("That's a
fine paragraph!")
Sentence Structure Types: (differ depending on the number and type of clauses)
- Simple
(one independent clause)
"We drove from Minneapolis to Bismarck without stopping." - Compound (more than one independent clause)
"We were exhausted, but we arrived in time for my father's birthday party." - Complex (one
independent clause and at least one dependent clause)
"Although he is now in his eightieth year, he is still quite active." - Compound-Complex (more than one
independent clause and at least one dependent clause)
"After it was all over, my dad claimed he knew we were planning something, but we think he was really surprised."
The Nagging Inner Ear
Suppose you are working with a short, simple sentence: John was angry. This short sentence may sound exactly right inside your paragraph -- just short enough and sharp enough to have the force you want. In that case, leave it alone. But perhaps that nagging inner ear tells you that it isn't quite right; it needs something.
"John, usually the calmest of men, was suddenly, violently angry."
"John, usually the calmest of men, was suddenly, violently angry, so angry that he lost control completely."
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